Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize. But who was Alfred Nobel? Articles, photographs, a slide show and poetry written by Nobel himself are presented here to give a glimpse of a man whose varied interests are reflected in the prize he established. Meet Alfred Nobel – scientist, inventor, entrepreneur, author and pacifist.

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Nobel Laureates 2003-2008

Nobel Laureates 2003

Physics:

Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg and Anthony J. Leggett “for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids”

Chemistry:

“for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes” Peter Agre “for the discovery of water channels” Roderick MacKinnon “for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels”

Physiology or Medicine:

Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield “for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging”

Literature:

John M. Coetzee “who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider”

Peace:

Shirin Ebadi “for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children.”

Prize in Economics:

Robert F. Engle III “for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)” Clive W.J. Granger “for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)”

Nobel Laureates 2004

Physics:

David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek “for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction”

Chemistry:

Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose “for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation”

Physiology or Medicine:

Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck “for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”

Literature:

Elfriede Jelinek “for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society’s clichés and their subjugating power”

Peace:

Wangari Muta Maathai “for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace”

Prize in Economics:

Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott “for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles”

Nobel Laureates 2005

Physics:

Roy J. Glauber “for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence” John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hänsch “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique”

Chemistry:

Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock “for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis”

Physiology or Medicine:

Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren “for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease”

Literature:

Harold Pinter “who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression’s closed rooms”

Peace:

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei “for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way”

Prize in Economics:

Robert J. Aumann and Thomas C. Schelling “for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis”

Nobel Prizes 2006

Physics:

John C. Mather and George F. Smoot “for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation”

Chemistry:

Roger D. Kornberg “for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription”

Physiology or Medicine:

Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello “for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA”

Literature:

Orhan Pamuk “who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures”

Peace:

Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank “for their efforts to create economic and social development from below”

Prize in Economics:

Edmund S. Phelps “for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in

macroeconomic policy”

Nobel Prizes 2007

Physics:

Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg “for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance”

Chemistry:

Gerhard Ertl “for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces”

Physiology or Medicine:

Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies “for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells”

Literature:

Doris Lessing “that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny”

Peace:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. “for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change”

Prize in Economics:

Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin and Roger B. Myerson “for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory”

Nobel Laureates

2008

Physics:

Yoichiro Nambu “for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics” Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa “for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature”

Chemistry:

Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP”

Physiology or Medicine:

Harald zur Hausen “for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer” Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier “for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus”

Literature:

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio “author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization”

Peace:

Martti Ahtisaari “for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts”

Prize in Economics:

Paul Krugman “for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity”

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Nobel prize Winners –Economics (up to 2002-not updated)

 

Nobel prize Winners –Economics (up to 2002-not updated)

Year	Name	Country
1969	Ragnar Frisch Jan Tinbergen	Norwegian Dutch
1970	Paul A.Samuelson	U.S.
1971	Simon Kuznets	U.S.
1972	Kenneth J. Arrow John R. Hicks	U.S. Britain
1973	Wassily Leontief	U.S.
1974	Gunnar Myrdal Friedrich A.von Hayek	Sweden Australia
1975	Tjalling Koopmans Leonid Kantorovich	Dutch-U.S USSR
1976	Milton Friedman	U.S.
1977	Bertil Ohlin James E. Meade	Swedish Britain
1978	Herbert A. Simon	U.S.
1979	Theodore W. Schultz Sir Arthur Lewis	U.S. Britain
1980	Lawrence R. Klein	U.S.
1981	James Tobin	U.S.
1982	George J. Stigler	U.S.
1983	Gerard Debreu	France – U.S.
1984	Richard Stone	Britain
1985	Franco Modigliani	Italy – U.S.
1986	James M.Buchanan	U.S.
1987	Robert M. Solow	U.S.
1988	Maurice Allais	France
1989	Trygve Haavelmo	Norway
1990	Harry M. Markowitz William F. Sharpe, Merton H. Miller	U.S.
1991	Ronald H.Coase	Britain – U.S
1992	Gary S.Becker	U.S.
1993	Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C. North	U.S.
1994	John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash	U.S.
1995	Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C.Norht	U.S.
1996	James A. Mirrlees William Vickrey	Uk Canada
1997	Robert C. Merton, Myron S.Scholes	U.S.
1998	Amarty Sen	India
1999	Robert Mundell	Canada
2000	James J. Heckman Daniel L. McFadden	USA USA
2001	George A. Akerlof A. Michael Spence Joseph E. Stiglitz	USA USA USA
2002	Daniel Kahneman Vernon L. Smith	USA USA

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Nobel prize Winners –Literature (up to 2002-not updated)

 

Nobel prize Winners –Literature (up to 2002-not updated)

Year	Name	Country
1901	Rene F.A. Sully Prudhomme	Franch
1902	Theodor Mommsen	Germany
1903	Bjornsterne Bjornson	Norway
1904	Frederic Mistral Jose Echegaray	Franch Spain
1905	Henryk Sienkiewicz	Poland
1906	Giosue Carducci	Italy
1907	Rudyard Kipling	Britain
1908	Rudolf C. Eucken	Germany
1909	Selma Lagerlof	Sweden
1910	Paul J.L.Heyse	Germany
1911	Maurice Maeterlinck	Belgium
1912	Gerhart Hauptmann	Germany
1913	Rabindranath Tagore	India
1915	Romain Rolland	France
1916	Verner von Heidenstam	Sweden
1917	Karl A. Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan	Danish
1919	Carl F.G. Spitteler	Switzerland
1920	Kunt Hamsun	Norway
1921	Anatolle France	France
1922	Jacinto Benavente	Spanish
1923	William Butker	Iran
1924	Wladyslaw S. Reymont	Poland
1925	George Bernard Shaw	Iran-Britain
1926	Grazia Deledda	Itally
1927	Henri Bergson	France
1928	Sigrid Undset	Norway
1929	Thomas Mann	German
1930	Sinclair Lewis	U.S.
1931	Erik A. Karlfeldt	Sweden
1932	John Galsworthy	Britain
1933	Ivan A. Bunin	USSR
1934	Luigi Pirandello	Italy
1936	Eugene O’Neill	U.S.
1937	Roger Martin de Gard	France
1938	Pearl S.Buck	U.S.
1939	Frans E. Sillanpa	Finnish
1944	Johannes V. Jensen	Danish
1945	Gabriels Mistral	Chilean
1946	Hermann Hesse	Switzwerland
1947	Andre Gide	France
1948	T.S.Eliot	Britain
1949	william Fauljner	U.S.
1950	Bertrand Russell	Britain
1951	RarF.Lagerkvist	Sweden
1952	Francois Mauriac	France
1953	Sir Winston Churchill	Britain
1954	Ernest Hemingway	U.S.
1955	Halldor K. Laxness	Icelandic
1956	Juan Ramon Jimenez	Spain
1957	Albert Camus	France
1958	Boris L.Pasternak	USSR
1959	Salvatore Quasimodo	Italy
1960	Saint-John Perse	France
1961	Ivo Andric	Yugoslavia
1962	John Steinbeck	U.S.
1963	Giorgos Seferis
1964	Jean Paul Sartre	France
1965	Mikhail Sholokhov	USSR
1966	Samuel Joseph Agnon Nelly Sachs	Isreal Sweden
1967	Muguel Angel Asturias	Guate
1968	Yasunari Kawabata	Japan
1969	Samuel Beckett	Iran
1970	Aleksandr I. Solzhenisyn	USSR
1971	Pablo Neruda	Chilean
1972	Heinrich Boll	West Germany
1973	Patrick White	Austral
1974	Eyvind Johnson, Harry Edmund Martinson	Sweden
1975	Eugenio Montale	Italy
1976	Saul Bellow	U.S.
1977	Vicente Aleixandre	Spain
1978	Isaac Bashevis Singer	U.S.
1979	Odysseus Elytis	Gk
1980	Czerslaw Milosz	Poland-U.S.
1981	Elias Canetti	Bulgium-Britain
1982	Gabriel HGarcia Marquez	Colombian-Mexico
1983	William Golding	Britain
1984	Jaroslav Siefert	Czech
1985	Claude Simon	France
1986	Wole Soyinka	Nigerian
1987	Joseph Brodsky	USSR-U.S.
1988	Naguib Mahfouz	England
1989	Camilo Jose Cela	Spain
1990	Octavio Paz	Mexico
1991	Nadine Gordimer	South Africa
1992	Derek Walcott	West India
1993	Toni Morrison	U.S.
1994	Kenzaburo Oe	Japan
1995	Seamus Heaney	Iran
1996	Wislawa zymorska	Poland
1997	Dario Fo	Italy
1998	Jose Saramago	Portugal
1999	Gunter Grass	Germany
2000	Gao Xingjian	China
2001	V.S. Naipaul
2002	Imre Kertész

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Nobel prize Winners –Peace (up to 2002-not updated)

 

Nobel prize Winners –Peace (up to 2002-not updated)

Year	Name	Country
1901	Jean H. Dunant Frederic Paassy	Switzerland France
1902	Elie Ducommum, Chales A. Gobat	Switzerland
1903	Sir William R. Cremer	Britain
1904	Institute of International law
1905	Baroness Bertha von Suttner	Australia
1906	Theodore Roosevelt	U.S.
1907	Ernesto T. Moneta Louis Renault	Italy France
1908	Klas P.Arnoldson Fredr5ik Bajer	Sweden Danish
1909	Auguste M.F. Beernaert Paul H.B.B.d’Estournelles de Constant	Belgium France
1910	Permanent Internatiol Peace Bureau
1911	Tobias M.C. Asser Alfred H.Fried	Dutch Australia
1912	Elihu Root	U.S.
1913	Henri La Fontaine	Belgium
1917	International Red Cross
1919	Woodrow Wilson	U.S.
1920	Leon V.A. Bourgeois	France
1921	Karl H. Branting Christian L.Lange	Sweden Norway
1922	Fridtjof Nansen	Norway
1925	Sir J. Austen Chamberlain Chstlrd G. Dawes	U.S.
1926	Aristide Briand Gustav Stresemann	France Germany
1927	Ferdinand E. Buisson Ludwig Quidde	France Germany
1929	Frank B. Kellogg	U.S.
1930	Nathan Soderblom	Sweden
1931	Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler	U.S.
1933	Sir Norman Angell	Britain
1934	Arthur Henderson	Britain
1935	Carl von Ossietzky	Germany
1936	Carlos de Saavedra Lamas	Argentina
1937	Viscount Cecil of Chelwood	Britain
1938	Nansen International Office for Refugees
1944	International Red Cross
1945	Cordell Hull	U.S.
1946	Emily G. Balch, John R. Mott	U.S.
1947	Friends Service Council American Friends Service Committee	Britain U.S.
1949	Lord John Boyd Orr of Brechin Mearns	Britain
1950	Ralph J. Bunche	U.S.
1951	Leon Jouhaux	France
1952	Albert Schweitzer	France
1953	George C. Marshall	U.S.
1954	Office of the UN hign Commissioner of Refugees	Sw
1957	Lester B. Pearson	Canada
1958	Georges Pire	Belgium
1959	Philip J. Noel-Baker	Britain
1960	Albert J.Luthuil	South African
1961	Dag Hammarskjold	Sweden
1962	Linus C. Pauling	U.S.
1963	International Red Cross, League of Red Cross Societies
1964	Martin Luther King	Jordon-U.S.
1965	U.N. Children’s Fund(UNICEF)
1968	Rene Cassin	Franch
1969	Internationa Labour Organisation
1970	Norman E. Borlaug	U.S.
1971	Willy Brandt	West Germany
1973	Henry Kissinger Le Due Tho, N.Vietmamese	U.S.
1974	Eisaku Sato Sean MacBride	Japan Iran
1975	Andrei Sakharov	USSR
1976	Mairead Corrigan, Betty Williams	N. Iran
1977	Amnesty International
1978	Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin	England Isreal
1979	Mother Teresa	Albanian – Indian
1980	Adolfo Perez Esquivel	Argentina
1981	Office of UN high Commissioner for Refugees
1982	Alva Myrdal Alfonso Garcia Robles	Swedish Mexico
1983	Lech Walesa	Poland
1984	Bishop Desmond Tutu	South Africa
1985	International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War	U.S.
1986	Elie Wiesel	Romanian-U.S.
1987	Oscar Arias Sanchez	Costa Rican
1988	United NationsPeace keeping Forces
1989	Dalai Lama	Tibetan
1990	Mikhail S. Gorbachev	USSR
1991	Aung San Suu Kyi	Myanmarese
1992	Rigoberta Menchu	Guatemalan
1993	Frederik W.de Klerk, Nelson Mandela	South Arican
1994	Yasir Arafat Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin	Palestine Isreal
1995	Joseph Rotblat	U.K.
1996	Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Nelo	East Tomor
1997	International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and its coordinator Jody Williams
1998	David Trimble, Jonh Hume	Netherland
2000	Kim Dae-Jung	South Korea
2001	United Nations Kofi Annan	Ghana
2002	Jimmy Carter

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Nobel prize Winners –Medicine and physiology (up to 2002-not updated)

 

Nobel prize Winners –Medicine and physiology (up to 2002-not updated)

Year	Name	Country
1901	Emil A. Von Behring	Germany
1902	Sir Ronald Ross	Britain
1903	Niels R. Finsen	Danish
1904	Ivan P. Pavlov	Russia
1905	Robert Koch	Germany
1906	Camillo Golgi Santiago Ramon Y Cajal	Italy Spain
1907	Charles L.A. Laveran	France
1908	Paul Ehrlich Elie Metchnikoff	Germany France
1909	Emil T. Kocher	Switzerland
1910	Albrecht Kossel	Grmany
1911	Allvar Gullstrand	Sweden
1912	Alexis Carrel	France
1913	Charles R. Richet	France
1914	Robert Barany	Australia
1919	Jules Border	Belgium
1920	Schack A.S.Krogh	Dan
1922	Archibald V. Hill Otto F. Meyerhof	Britain Germany
1923	Frederick G. Banting John J.R.Macleod	Canada Scotland
1924	willem Einthoven	Dutch
1926	Johannes A.G Fibiger	Dan
1927	JUllius Wagner-Jauregg	Australia
1928	Charles J.H. Nicolle	France
1929	Christiaan Eijkman Sir Frederick G.Hopkings	Dutch Britain
1930	Karl Landsteiner	U.S
1931	Otto H. Warburg	Germany
1932	Edgar D. Adrian, Sir Charles S. Sherrington	Britain
1933	Thomas H.organ	U.S.
1934	George R. Minot, William P. Murphy, G.H. Whipple	U.S.
1935	Hans Spemann	Germany
1936	Sir Henry H. Dale Otto Lowei	Britain U.S.
1937	Albert Szent-Gyorgyl	Honkong-U.S.
1938	Cornelle J.F. Heymans	Belgium
1939	Gerhard Domagk	Germany
1943	Henrik C.P. Dam Edward A. Doisy	Dan U.S.
1944	Joseph Erlanger, Herbert S.Gasser	U.S.
1945	Ernst B. Chain Sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Howard W. Florey	Britain
1946	Hermann J.Muller	U.S.
1947	Carl F.Cori, Gerty T. Cormboth Bernardo A. Houssay	U.S. Aregentina
1948	Paul H. Muller	Switzweland
1949	Walter R. Hess,	Switzerland
1950	Philip S. Hench, Edward C. Kendall Tadeus reichstein	U.S. Switzerland
1951	Max Theiler	U.S
1952	Selman A. Waksman	U.S.
1953	Hans A. Krebs Fritz A. Lipmann	Britain U.S.
1954	John F.Enders, Frederick C. Robbins, Thomas H. Weller	U.S
1955	AlexH.T Theorell	Sweden
1956	Andre F. Coumand,Dickinson W.Richards Jr. Wener Forssmann	U.S. Germany
1957	Daniel Bovet	Italy
1958	George W. Beadle, Edward L. Tatum, Joshua Lederberg	U.S.
1959	Arthur Kornberg, Severo Ochoa	U.S.
1960	Sir F MacFarlane Bument Peter B. Medawar	Australia Britain
1961	Georg von Bekesy	U.S.
1962	Francis H.C.rick, Maurice H.F. Wilkins James D. Wastson	Britain U.S.
1963	Sir John C.Eccles Alan L. Hodgkin, Andrew F. Huxley	Australia Britain
1964	Konard E.Bloch Feodor Letnen	U.S Germany
1965	Francois Jacob, Andre Lwoff, Jsvquew Monod	France
1966	Charles B. Huggins, Francis Peyton Rous	U.S.
1967	Ragnar Granit Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wals	Sweden U.S.
1968	Robert W. Holly, Marshall W. Nirenberg H. Gobind Khorana	U.S. Indian U.S. citizen
1969	Max Delbruck, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador Luria	U.S.
1970	Julius Axelrod Sir Bernard Katz Ulfvon Euler	U.S. Britain Sweden
1971	Earl W. Sutherland Jr.	U.S.
1972	Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R.Porter	U.S. Britain
1973	Karl Von Frisch Konrad Lorenz Nikolass Tinbergen	Geramny Germany-Australia Britain
1974	Albert Claude, Lux George Emil Palade Christian Rene De Duve	U.S. Rom-U.S. Belgium
1975	Davidaltimore, Howard Temin Renato Dulbecco	U.S.Italy-U.S
1976	Baruch S.Blumberg, Daniel Carleton Gajdusek	U.S.
1977	Rosalyn S. Yalow, Roger C.L. Guilemin, Andrew V. Schaly	U.S.
1978	Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O.Smith Werner Arber	U.S. Switzerland
1979	Alian M. Cormack Geoffrey N. Hounsfield	U.S. Britain
1980	Baruj Benacerraf, George Snell Jean Dausset	U.S France
1981	Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Tosten N. Wisel	U.S.
1982	Sune Bergstrom, Bengt Samuelsson John R.Vane	Sweden Britan
1983	Barbara McClintock	U.S.
1984	Cesar Milstein, Georges J.F. Koehler Niels K. Jerne,	Britain-Argentina Germany Britain
1985	Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein	U.S.
1986	Rita Levi-Montalcini Stanley Cohen	Italy-U.S. U.S.
1987	Susumu Tonegawa	Japan
1988	Gertrude B. Elion, GEorge H. Hitchings Sir James Black	U.S. Britain
1989	J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus	U.S.
1990	Joseph E. Murray,E. Donnall Thomas	U.S.
1991	Edwin Neher, Beryt Sakmann	Germany
1992	Edmond H. Fisher, Edwin G. Krebs Stanley Cohen	U.S.
1993	Philip A.Sharp Richard J. Roberts	U.S. Britain
1994	Alfred Q. Gilman, Martin Rodbell	U.S.
1995	Edward Lewis, Eric Wieschaus Christiane Nusslein Volhard	U.S. Germany
1996	Peter Doherty Rolf Zinkernagel	Australia Switzerland
1997	Staneley Prusiner	U.S.
1998	Robert F.Furchgott, Louis J.Ignarro, Ferid Murad	U.S.
1999	Guenter Blobel	USA
2000	Dr.Arvid Carlsson Dr.Paul Greengard Dr.Eric Kandel	Sweden U.S U.S
2001	Leland H. Hartwell Tim Hunt Sir Paul Nurse	USA UK UK
2002	Sydney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz John E. Sulston	UK USA UK

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Nobel prize Winners -chemistry (up to 2002-not updated)

 

Nobel prize Winners -chemistry (up to 2002-not updated)

Year	Name	Country
1901	Jacobus H. Vant’s Hoff	Dutch
1902	Emil fischer	Germany
1903	Svante A. Arrhenius	Sweden
1904	Sir William Ramsay	Britain
1905	Adolf von Beayer	Germany
1906	Henri Moissan	France
1907	Eduard Buchner	Germany
1908	Ernest Rutherford	Britain
1909	Wilhelm Ostwald	Germany
1910	Otto Wallach	Germany
1911	Marie Curie	Poland Franch
1912	Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier	Franch
1913	Alfred Werner	Switzerland
1914	Theodore W. Richards	U.S
1915	Richard M. Willstatter	Germany
1918	Fritz Haber	Germany
1920	Walther H. Nernst	Germany
1921	Frederick Soddy	Britain
1922	Francis W. Aston	Britain
1923	Fritz Pregl	Australia
1925	Richard A. Zsigmondy	Germany
1926	theodor Svedberg	sweden
1927	Heinrich O. Wieland	Germany
1928	Adolf O. R. Windaus	Germany
1929	Sir Arthur Harden Han von Euler-Chelpin	Britain Sweden
1930	Hans Fischer	Germany
1931	Friedrich Berguis, Karl Bosch	Germany
1932	Irving Langmuir	U.S
1934	Harold C. Urey	U.S
1935	Frederic Joliot-Curie, Irene Joliot Curie	Franch
1936	Peter J.W. Debyr	Dutch
1937	Walter N. Haworth Paul Karrer	Britain Swistzerland
1938	Richard Kuhn	Germany
1939	Adolf F.J. Butenandt Leopold Ruzicka	Britain switzerland
1943	Georg de Hevesy	Hungary
1944	Otto Hahn	Germany
1945	Artturi I, Virtanen	Finnish
1946	James B. Summer, John H.Northrop, Wendell M. Stanley	U.S
1947	Sir Robert Robinson	Britain
1948	Arne W.K. Tiselius	Sweden
1949	William F. Giauque	Switzerland
1950	Kurt Alder, Otto P.H. Diels	Germany
1951	Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg	U.S
1952	Archer J.P. Martin, Richard L.M. Synjge	U.S
1953	Hermann Staudinger	Germany
1954	Linus C. Pauling	U.S
1955	Vincent du Vigneaud	U.S
1956	Sir Cyril N. Hinshelwood, Nikolai N. Semenov	Britain USSR
1957	Sir Alexander R. Todd	Britain
1958	Frederick Sanger	Britain
1959	Jarpslav Heyr9vsky	Czech
1960	Willard F. Libby	U.S
1961	Melvini calvin	U.S
1962	John C. Kendrew, Max F. Perutz	Britain
1963	Giulio Natta Kal Ziegler	Italy Germany
1964	Dorothy C. Hodgkin	Britain
1965	Robert B. Woodward	U.S.
1966	Robert S.Mulliken	U.S
1967	Manfred Eigen Ronald G. W.Norrish, George Porter	Germany Britain
1968	Lars Onsager	U.S
1969	Derek H.R. Barton Odd Hassel	Britain Norway
1970	Luis F. Leloir
1971	Gerhard Herzberg	Canada
1972	Chriistian B. Aninsen, Stanford Moore, William H.Stein	U.S
1973	Ernst Otto Fischer Geoffrey Wilkinson	West Germany Britain
1974	Paul J. Flory	U.S
1975	John Cornforth, Austral Vladimir Prelog, Yugo	Britain Switzerland
1976	William N. Lipscomb	U.S
1977	Ilya Prigogine	Belgium
1978	Peter Mitchell	Britain
1979	Herbert C. Brown Geroge Wittig	Britain U.S. Germany
1980	Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert Frederick Sanger	U.S U.K
1981	Kenichi Fukui Roald Hoffmann	Japan U.S.
1982	Aaron Klug	South Africa
1983	Henry Tabue	Canada
1984	Bruce Merrifield	U.S
1985	Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle	U.S
1986	Dudley Herchbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi	U.S. Canada
1987	Donald J. Cram, Charles J. Pepdersen Jean-Marie Lehn	Britain U.S. French
1988	Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel	West Germany
1989	Thomas R. Cech, Sidney Altman	Britain U.S
1990	Elias James Corey	U.S
1991	Richard R. Ernst	Switzerland
1992	RudolphA. Marcus	Canada, U.S
1993	Kary B. Mullis Michael Smith	U.S. Britain-Canada
1994	George A.Olah	U.S
1995	Paul Crutzeen Mario Molina, F. Sherwood Roland	Netherland U.S
1996	Robert Curl Jr., Richard Smallery Sir Harold Kroto	U.S. britain
1997	Paul Boyer John Walker Dane Jensskou	U.S Britain Denmark
1998	Dr.Walter Kohn Dr. John A. Pople	Australia-U.S Britain-U.S
1999	Ahmed Zewail	USA
2000	Alan Heeger Alan G. Macidiarmid Hideki Shirakawa	USA USA Japan
2001	William S. Knowles Ryoji Noyori K. Barry Sharpless	USA Japan USA
2002	John B. Fenn Koichi Tanaka Kurt Wüthrich	USA Japan Switzerland

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Nobel prize Winners -Physics (up to 2002-not updated)

 

Nobel prize Winners -Physics (up to 2002-not updated)

Year	Name	Country
1901	Jacobus H. Vant’s Hoff	Dutch
1902	Emil fischer	Germany
1903	Svante A. Arrhenius	Sweden
1904	Sir William Ramsay	Britain
1905	Adolf von Beayer	Germany
1906	Henri Moissan	France
1907	Eduard Buchner	Germany
1908	Ernest Rutherford	Britain
1909	Wilhelm Ostwald	Germany
1910	Otto Wallach	Germany
1911	Marie Curie	Poland Franch
1912	Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier	Franch
1913	Alfred Werner	Switzerland
1914	Theodore W. Richards	U.S
1915	Richard M. Willstatter	Germany
1918	Fritz Haber	Germany
1920	Walther H. Nernst	Germany
1921	Frederick Soddy	Britain
1922	Francis W. Aston	Britain
1923	Fritz Pregl	Australia
1925	Richard A. Zsigmondy	Germany
1926	theodor Svedberg	sweden
1927	Heinrich O. Wieland	Germany
1928	Adolf O. R. Windaus	Germany
1929	Sir Arthur Harden Han von Euler-Chelpin	Britain Sweden
1930	Hans Fischer	Germany
1931	Friedrich Berguis, Karl Bosch	Germany
1932	Irving Langmuir	U.S
1934	Harold C. Urey	U.S
1935	Frederic Joliot-Curie, Irene Joliot Curie	Franch
1936	Peter J.W. Debyr	Dutch
1937	Walter N. Haworth Paul Karrer	Britain Swistzerland
1938	Richard Kuhn	Germany
1939	Adolf F.J. Butenandt Leopold Ruzicka	Britain switzerland
1943	Georg de Hevesy	Hungary
1944	Otto Hahn	Germany
1945	Artturi I, Virtanen	Finnish
1946	James B. Summer, John H.Northrop, Wendell M. Stanley	U.S
1947	Sir Robert Robinson	Britain
1948	Arne W.K. Tiselius	Sweden
1949	William F. Giauque	Switzerland
1950	Kurt Alder, Otto P.H. Diels	Germany
1951	Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg	U.S
1952	Archer J.P. Martin, Richard L.M. Synjge	U.S
1953	Hermann Staudinger	Germany
1954	Linus C. Pauling	U.S
1955	Vincent du Vigneaud	U.S
1956	Sir Cyril N. Hinshelwood, Nikolai N. Semenov	Britain USSR
1957	Sir Alexander R. Todd	Britain
1958	Frederick Sanger	Britain
1959	Jarpslav Heyr9vsky	Czech
1960	Willard F. Libby	U.S
1961	Melvini calvin	U.S
1962	John C. Kendrew, Max F. Perutz	Britain
1963	Giulio Natta Kal Ziegler	Italy Germany
1964	Dorothy C. Hodgkin	Britain
1965	Robert B. Woodward	U.S.
1966	Robert S.Mulliken	U.S
1967	Manfred Eigen Ronald G. W.Norrish, George Porter	Germany Britain
1968	Lars Onsager	U.S
1969	Derek H.R. Barton Odd Hassel	Britain Norway
1970	Luis F. Leloir
1971	Gerhard Herzberg	Canada
1972	Chriistian B. Aninsen, Stanford Moore, William H.Stein	U.S
1973	Ernst Otto Fischer Geoffrey Wilkinson	West Germany Britain
1974	Paul J. Flory	U.S
1975	John Cornforth, Austral Vladimir Prelog, Yugo	Britain Switzerland
1976	William N. Lipscomb	U.S
1977	Ilya Prigogine	Belgium
1978	Peter Mitchell	Britain
1979	Herbert C. Brown Geroge Wittig	Britain U.S. Germany
1980	Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert Frederick Sanger	U.S U.K
1981	Kenichi Fukui Roald Hoffmann	Japan U.S.
1982	Aaron Klug	South Africa
1983	Henry Tabue	Canada
1984	Bruce Merrifield	U.S
1985	Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle	U.S
1986	Dudley Herchbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi	U.S. Canada
1987	Donald J. Cram, Charles J. Pepdersen Jean-Marie Lehn	Britain U.S. French
1988	Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel	West Germany
1989	Thomas R. Cech, Sidney Altman	Britain U.S
1990	Elias James Corey	U.S
1991	Richard R. Ernst	Switzerland
1992	RudolphA. Marcus	Canada, U.S
1993	Kary B. Mullis Michael Smith	U.S. Britain-Canada
1994	George A.Olah	U.S
1995	Paul Crutzeen Mario Molina, F. Sherwood Roland	Netherland U.S
1996	Robert Curl Jr., Richard Smallery Sir Harold Kroto	U.S. britain
1997	Paul Boyer John Walker Dane Jensskou	U.S Britain Denmark
1998	Dr.Walter Kohn Dr. John A. Pople	Australia-U.S Britain-U.S
1999	Ahmed Zewail	USA
2000	Alan Heeger Alan G. Macidiarmid Hideki Shirakawa	USA USA Japan
2001	William S. Knowles Ryoji Noyori K. Barry Sharpless	USA Japan USA
2002	John B. Fenn Koichi Tanaka Kurt Wüthrich	USA Japan Switzerland

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Nobel prize Winners -chemistry (up to 2002-not updated)

 

Nobel prize Winners -chemistry (up to 2002-not updated)

Year	Name	Nations
1901	Wilhelm C.Roentgen	Germany
1902	Hendrik A.Lorentz & Pieter Zeeman	Dutch
1903	Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie and Marie Curie	France
1904	John W. Strutt, Lord Rayleigh	Britain
1905	Philipp E.A.Von Lenard	Germany
1906	Sir. Joseph J.Thomson	Britain
1907	Albert A.Michelson	U.S
1908	Gabriel Lippmann	Franch
1909	Carl F. Braun Guglielmo Marconi	Germany Italy
1910	Johannes D. Van der Waals	Dutch
1911	Wilhelm Wien	Germany
1912	Nils G. Dalen	Sweden
1913	Heike kamerlingh Onnes	Dutch
1914	Max von Laue	Germany
1915	Sir William H. Bragg, Sir William H. Bragg	Britain
1917	Charles G. Barkla	Britain
1918	Max K.E.L. Planck	Germany
1919	Johnnes Stark	Germany
1920	Charles E.Guillaume	France
1921	Albert Einstein	Germany – U.S.
1922	Niels Bohr	Danish
1923	Robert A. Millikan	U.S
1924	Karl M.G. Siegbahn	Sweden
1925	James Franck, Gustav Hertz	Germany
1926	Jean B. Perrin	France
1927	Arthur H.Compton Charles T.R Wilson	U.S Britain
1928	Owen W. Richardson	Britain
1929	Prince Louis-victor de Broglie	France
1930	Sir Chandrasekhara V. Raman	India
1932	Werner Heisenberg	Germany
1933	Paul A.M. Dirac Erwin Schrodinger	Britain Australia
1935	Sir James Chadwick	Britain
1936	Carl D. Anderson Victor F. Hess	U.S Australia
1937	Cliton J. Davisson Sir Geroge P. Thomson	U.S. Britain
1938	Enrico Fermi	Italy U.S
1939	Ernest O. Lawrence	U.S.
1943	Otto Stern	U.S
1944	Isidor Issac Rabi	U.S.
1945	Wolfgang Pauli	U.S
1946	Percy Williams Bridgman	U.S.
1947	Sir Edward V. Appleton	Britain
1948	Patrick M.S.Blackett	Britain
1949	Hideki Yukawa	Japan
1950	Cecil f. Powell	Britain
1951	Sir John D. Cockroft Ernest T.S.Walton	Britain Iran
1952	Felix Bloch Edward M. Purcell	U.S
1953	Frits Zernike	Dutch
1954	Max Born Walter Bothe	Britain Germany
1955	Polykarp Kusch, Willis E.Lamb	U.S
1956	John Bardeen Walter H. Brattain William Shockley	U.S
1957	Tsung-dao-Lee Chenning Yang	U.S
1958	Pavel Cherenkov Ilya Frank, Igor Y. Tamm	USSR
1959	Owen Chamberlain Emilio G.Segre	U.S
1960	Donald A. Glaser	U.S
1961	Robert Hofstadter Rudolf L. Mossbauer	U.S Germany
1962	Lev. D. Landau	USSR
1963	Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Eugene P. Wigner J. Hans D. Jensen	U.S Germany
1964	Nikolai G. Basov, aleksander M. Prochorov Charles H. Townes	USSR U.S
1965	Richard P. Feynman Julian S. Schwinger Shinichiro Tomonaga	U.S Japan
1966	Alfred Kastler	Franch
1967	Hans A. Bethe	U.S
1968	Luis W. Alvarez	U.S
1969	Murray Gell-Mann	U.S
1970	Louis Neel,br>Hammes Alfven	France Switzerland
1971	Dennis Gabor	Britain
1972	John Bardeen Leon N. Cooper John R. Schrieffer	U.S
1973	Ivar Giaever Leo Esaki Vrian D. Josephson	U.S Japan Britain
1974	Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish	Britain
1975	James Rainwater Ben Mottelson Aage Bohr	U.S U.S-Danish Danish
1976	Burton Richter Samuel C.C Ting	U.S
1977	John H.Van Vleck,Philip W. Anderson Nevill F. Mott	U.S Britain
1978	Pyotr Kapitsa Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson	USSR U.S
1979	steven Weinberg, Sheldon L. Glashow Abdus Salam	U.S Pakistan
1980	James W. Cronin Val L. fitch	U.S
1981	Nicolass Bloembergen, Arthur Schaalow Kai M.Siegbahn	U.S Sweden
1982	Kenneth G. Wilson	U.S
1983	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar William a. Fowler	Indian U.S Citizen U.S
1984	Carlo Rubbia Simonvan der Meer	Italy Dutch
1985	Klaus von Klitzing	West Germany
1986	Ernest Ruska,br>Gerd Binnig Heinrich Rohrer	Germany West Germany Swiss
1987	K.Alex Muller J. Georg Bednorz	Switzerland West Germany
1988	Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Jack Steinberger	U.S
1989	Norman F. Ramsey Hans G. Dehmelt Wo9lfgang Paul	U.S. Grmany-U.S. Germany
1990	Richard E. Taylor Jerome I. Griedman, Hendry W.Kendall	Canada U.S
1991	Pierre – Giles de Gennes	France
1992	Georges Charpak	Poland – France
1993	Joseph H. Taylor, Russell A. Hulse	U.S.
1994	Bertram N. Brockhouse Clifford G. Shull	Canada U.S
1995	Martin L. Perl of Standfrod University and Frederick Reins of the University of California	Switzerland U.S.
1996	David M.Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C.Richardson	U.S
1997	Steven Chu, William D. Phillips Claude Cohen Tannoudji	U.S. France
1998	Prof. Robert B. Laughlin, Prof Horst L. Stormer, Prof. Daniel C. Tsui	U.S
1999	Gerardus T. Hooft, Martinus J.D. Veltman	Netherland
2000	Mr.Zhores I.Alferov Herbert Kroemer Jack Kilby	Russia German
2001	Eric A. Cornell Wolfgang Ketterle Carl E. Wieman	USA German USA
2002	Raymond Davis Jr. Riccardo Giacconi Masatoshi Koshiba	USA USA Japan

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